- 八顚倒
- The eight upside-down views: heretics believe in 常樂我淨 permanence, pleasure, personality, and purity; the two Hīnayāna vehicles deny these both now and in nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna denies them now, but asserts them in nirvāṇa. Also 八倒.
Chinese Buddhist terms dictionary (Chinese-English). William Edward Soothil and Lewis Hodous. 2006.